Reflective Journal For M&M and Microbial Ecology

Hye all.
here this is for my reflective journal for this semester. for this sem, we had one project that was MICROBE & US and it like a Adopt a microbe that we need to pickup one name of microbe and need to do some research about the microbe. my group was choosen the OUTERSPACE MICROBE and of course it was too awesome. yeah, never cross in my mind that there is a probably have a microbes that can survive in the outer space. but based on our research, there is some type of the microbes that can survive in outer space such as Chroococcidiopsis sp. This microbe can survive longer up to 6 month in the space but after 6 month, it will die due to lack of the growth factor that we all known that in the outer space, there is lack of water, humidity, Oxygen and others. For this project also, we had done interview on Dr Syukuri which is our lecturer for the enzymology From the biotech department. He had done some research on the microbes and he sent his microbes to the outerspace which is Dr Syeikh Muzaffar Syah help in sending their project to the outerspace because he was the astronaut that had been flying to outerspace. From the interview, we gain a lot of the new knowledge. The interview was included in outer documentary video, So if u want to know what was the question during the interview session, so catch out our video okey? =)

                                         https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY2i1GW-P1s

next, for this semester, he had learn Microbial Ecology which was teach by Dr Wan and Dr Amalia. Microbial ecology is about the environment or ecology of the microorganism, which is their relationship with one another and with their environment. Microorganism plays important roles in biosphere. we also learned about microbial group. in this topic, we learnt about microbes that exist as unicellular or muticellular.

• The three major foms of life are : 

                  a. eukaryote
                  b . prokaryotes
                  c. viruse

• soil habitat : totality of living organism inhabiting soil, including plants, animals, microorganism and their abiotic environment. soil can be categories into mineral soil and organic soil. there is also soil horizon which is can be divided into 4 horizon ( O horizon, A horizon, B horizon, and C horizon) . A horizon contain in high organic matter, high in organic matter means high microbial growth. 
• aquatic habitat : is about the environment of the freshwater and marine habitat. 
• recalcitrant molecules : production and presence of xenobiotic compound. Xenobiotic compound is a chemical that not normally produced or expected to be present. Xenobiotic molecules present when the natural organic compound undergo degradation process in under favorable condition and it degrade very slow.  Bioremediation is use of microbes to remove the pollutants and it save to reduce toxic  and hazardous chemical in the environment. there is a limitation of using bioremediation because only limited in material it can be trating, limited condition as treatment sites, the biological process are highly specific and other. 

last Day,last class and last Lecture

today is the last day for Microbe's class with Dr Wan because Dr will be busy with her project, meeting and converance maybe. So for this last class, we learned about Biogeochemical cycle and Aspect of Biotechnology In Microbial Ecology.

So this is what i had learned for the Biogeochemical Cycles :

• Biogeochemical Cycles include nitrogen cycle, sulfur cycle, Iron cycle,carbon cycle and Manganase Cycle. 
• involve redox reaction 
• Biogeochemical cycle = mechanism by which recycling of nutrients occur.
• Characteristics of biogeochemical cycle : 

          a) transformed and cycles through oxidation- reduction reaction

          b) all cycles are linked

• Carbon cycle : form of carbon cycle = 

           a) reduced form ( methane and organic matter

           b) oxidized form (CO and CO2)

• Nirtrogen cycle : process by which nitrogen is converted between its various chemical forms. This tranformation can be carried out through both biological and physical process.
• Important process of Nitrogen Cycle : 

          a) Nitrification = an aerobic process performed by small group of autotrophic bacteria and archea. Is a biological oxidation of ammonia  or ammonium to nitrate followed by the oxidation of the nitrite to nitrate.  Important step in Nitrogen Cycle in soil.

          b) Denitrification = microbially facillitated process of nitrate reduction. Involve the Dissimilatory process ( use nitrate as the electron acceptor to produce ATP. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite or nitrogen gas) . Nitrate as OXIDANT. is ANAEROBIC reaction. Product form are Nitrogen gas, Nitrous Oxide, and Nitrite

         

          c) Nitrogen Fixation = process by which Nitrogen in the atmosphere is converted into ammonium or nitrogen dioxide. Can be fixed by  Aerobic or Anaerobic prokaryotes. Is a reductive processes. product form are AMMONIA. 

• Sulfur Cycle = is the collection of process by which sulfur moves to and from minerals and living system. Consist of three process : sulfur oxidation, sulfur reduction and sulfate reduction( assililatory/ dissimilarity) 

  

  
  

• Iron Cycle = is a biogeochemical cycle of iron through land forms, the atmosphere, and ocean.  

Aspect of Biotechnology In Microbial Ecology : 

• Function of Microorganism in Microbial Ecology :

         a) Microorganism as pollutants

         b) Microorganism as cause of pollution 

         c) Microorganism as indicator of pollution 

         d) Microorganism may reduce pollution

• Bio-remediation = a process that increase Bio-degradation process. Using nutrients by spray the nutrient to encourage microbial growth. 

Week 12

Today's lecture is about the Microbial Group. But first before we attend the clas, we need to do the crossword puzzle that had be done from another group. this crossword puzzle is about the microbial group, so we need to read that topic first and do the puzzle. 

from what i had learnt today are : 

MICROBIAL GROWTH 

- is based on size of population and not the individual growth. 

- 5 method of Microbial reproduction : 

  a) Binary Fission 

  b) Budding 

  c) Fragmentation 

  d) Formation of spores 

  e) Sexual reproduction 

- physical growth : light,temperature,pH, water activity 

- chemical growth : water, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, special growth factor, trace element 

- Two Major nutritional : source of energy and carbon 

PRINCIPLE OF ECOLOGY : 

-ECOLOGY : is the systemic study of organism and their interections with the envirenment. 

-ECO SYSTEM : community of living organism in conjunction with the nonliving components of their environment (example : air,water, minerals soil), interacting as a system.

Eco system interaction that link with each other 

- energy only recycle in the form of carbon to carbon bond because energy cannot be create nor destroy. It just can be transfer from one form to another form. 

- Microbes give an important role in ecosystem which is as oxygen producer, fix nitrogen in the atmosphere, recycles dead materials, sources of food chain and contribute to evolution. 

- WAY OF APPROACHES TO EFFECTIVE ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT : 

a. stakeholder 

b. adaptive management

c. natural resources management

d. strategic management

e. landscape level conservation

f. command and control management 

4 HOUR OF MICROBIOLOGY zZZZZzZZZzzzzz......

this morning have a replacement class..so its a 4 hour lecture. class start at 8am, as usual *_* tired and feel a little bit bored.
and for the Friday, many of our classmate did not come because they already going to Baksis Project Mega.



What i get from today's lecture?

- Archae have characteristic of extreme habitat which is cold environment, hot environment, high salinity, anaerobic environment. Also have unique features which is cell wall, membrabe lipids, metabolism and genetics.

- My group need to find out an article about salty condition. How can archae able to to adapt in salty condition?

Sleepy Friday Morningg...

tODAY I feel so sleepy because last night i don't have enough sleep because doing the bio-molecule project. and also, i late come to the class. sorry Dr :(  for today activities, from the previous day, one of the group need to present what they had learned based on the task given which is the mind map for each topic. so today is first group which the Bacteria's group. each person need to present only for 1 minute, and Dr set the time! so, need to do it quickly. when the timer is ringing, means the time is up and need to pass to other person. but, i think one minute is to fast and not enough, because i think it have a lot of thing to share. maybe two minute is enough. Dr also remind us to make sure that we post the question for the next group to present earlier because easy for them to find the answer first. so we can get the good answer and best explanation from them.

Today lesson are : 

- bacteria is the procaryotes. 

- bacteria can be divide into 4 group based on nature of bacterial cell wall : 

         i. Gram positive bacteria + cell walls

         ii. Gram negative bacteria + cell walls

        iii. bacteria lacking cell walls

        iv. the archaeabacteria 

- Gram negative bacteria with cell walls : 

• multilayered cell wall 
• thin layer of peptidoglycan 
• can be divided into two group : nonphototropic and phototropic 
• nonphototropihic - 14 subgroup, mostly pathogen 

- Gram positive bacteria with cell walls :

• thick layer of peptidoglycan 

- 

1st Class with Dr Wan! ^^,

Today was our first class and first lecture with Dr Wan..Happy! yeay but for sure, a lot of online assignment :( Dr and online assignment cant be separated haha :D for the first class, Dr was explained about the schedule and the topic that we will learned until the final..also Dr was discussing with us about the replacement class. we need to replace about 12 hour because of the business of Dr. hihi

okey, the today's activities was about the Introduction to Microbial Systematic. but, because of the lateness Dr uploading the notes, so we do all the review about the whole topic. we was divided into 8 small group. each group need to make a mind map about each topic. So, my group doing the Virus topic. we do the mind map using the Popplet. this is something new for me because usually I only use the Mind Maple. this application is very interesting because everybody can edit or do it in the same time. We can move the box of the other member and that is fun! because when your partner do the editing on the mind map, she will shock because the box is moving itself,. so she is shouting, " who is moving the box?! stop doing that." haha i just laugh and continue the task. for my part, i do about the Capsid and Envelope of the Virus

Characteristic of Virus: Capsid and Enveloped

Group 6 virus mind map using Popplet

So this is the review for what i had learned today :

 

- nucleic acid is protected by the coat that is called as CAPSID. 

- CAPSID = protein shell of the virus, encloses the genetic material of the virus.

- each capsid is composed of the protein subunits called CAPSOMERES

- CAPSOMERES = subunits of the capsid, outer covering of  protein that protect the genetic material of the virus. self assemble to form a capsid

arrangement of capsomers. it is the characteristic for each virus

- some viruses are covered by an the envelope, and is called as ENVELOPED VIRUS 

- virus without enveloped = NONENVELOPED virus 

- capsid, enveloped, or spike can be site of the attachment for virus

mICROBIOloGy tWo

Hye..

For this semester, for Microbiology II, part 1 lecture with Dr Sieo Chin Chin. For chapter 1, we learned about taxonomy or classification for microorganism. we had learned this topic last semester but for this semester, it more detail. so, more complicated and more new thing to learn. for Classification of microbiology, it has 3 type which is, phenetic classification, phylogenetic classification and genotypic classification. meanwhile for technique or methods for classification or identification, there is a two type which  are classical and molecular. For classical, the techique use are morphological(staining, external structure, cell inclusion and cell grouping), physiological and metabolic of microorganism, biochemical test, ecological, immunologic test, phage typing and antibiotic profilling. for molecular technique, usually it use amino acid sequencing, nucleic acid base composition, nucleic acid hybridization, nucleic acid sequencing, genomic fingerprint, nucleic acid probe and plasmid fingerprinting.

for chapter 2, we learned about IMMUNOLOGY. for me, this hard topic because its related to each other,. each pathway related to each other. so when we combined into one mind map, we can get a big picture of IMMUNE SYSTEM in our body. immunity have two type, specific immunity and non-specific immunity. For non-specific Immune response, usually is an innate or natural immunity, it is a natural defense system. then, it have 2 type, which is internal and external innate immunity. For internal Innate Immunity, 3 general mechanism of protection : physiological barrier, phagocytosos, and inflammation. For the specific Immunity, there is two type, humoral and acquired immunity. .humoral Immunity, it realted to serum or Antibody.Antibody give protection via neutralization, agglutinations, opsonisation, activation of compliment, antibody-dependent cell mediated cytotoxity(ADCC).

this is the mind map For whole process of IMMUNE in our body 

for me, IMMUNOLOGY topic is very difficult because we need to understand all the pathway, if not, it maybe can be hard for use because it realted to each other,.